The Prithviraja Vijaya states that he mastered 6 languages the Prithviraj Raso claims that he learned 14 languages. The medieval biographies of Prithviraj suggest that he was educated well.Based on these positions and assuming certain other planetary positions, Dasharatha Sharma calculated the year of Prithviraj’s birth as 1166 CE.Both Prithviraj and his younger brother Hariraja were born in Gujarat. Prithviraj was born to the Chahamana king Someshvara and queen Karpuradevi (a Kalachuri princess).Prithviraj Raso, which popularized Prithviraj as a great king, is purported to be written by the king’s court poet Chand Bardai.These texts contain eulogistic descriptions, and are, therefore, not entirely reliable. These include Prithviraja Vijaya, Hammira Mahakavya and Prithviraj Raso.Besides the Muslim accounts of Battles of Tarain, he has been mentioned in several medieval kavyas (epic poems) by Hindu and Jain authors.Much of the information about him comes from the medieval legendary chronicles. The extant inscriptions from Prithviraj’s reign are few in number, and were not issued by the king himself.The Rashtrakutas of Malkhid (Deccan), the Chalukya kingdom of Kalyani and the Chola kingdom of Tanjore were the important kingdoms of the South India Two Muslim kingdoms were of Multan and Sindh.The Hindushahi kingdom and the kingdom of Kashmir were the two other important Hindu kingdoms of North India. The most important of the Rajput states in North India were the Chauhans of Ajmer and Delhi, the Gahadavallas or Rathors of Kanauj, the Chandellas of Bundelkhand, the Guhilas or Sisodiyas of Mewar, the Parmars of Malwa, the Tomars of Delhi, the Pratiharas or Gurjaras of Kanauj, and the Palas of Bengal.
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